How Many Dogs Can You Own in South Carolina

Dog breed

Carolina dog
Origin	US
Traits Superlative 17.75–19.75 in (45.1–50.2 cm) Weight 30–44 lb (14–twenty kg) Color Preferable: red ginger with pale buff markings over the shoulders, and pale white along the muzzle.
Kennel guild standards United Kennel Club standard
Dog (dog)

The Carolina dog, also known as a yellow canis familiaris,^[1] yaller dog,^{[2] [three] [4]} American Dingo,^[iii] or Dixie Dingo,^[three] is a breed of medium-sized canis familiaris occasionally found feral in Southeastern U.s.a., specially in isolated stretches of longleaf pines and cypress swamps. Efforts to institute them every bit a standardized breed has gained the Carolina Dog breed recognition in two smaller kennel clubs and full acceptance into the breed-establishment programme of one major kennel club.

Originally a landrace brood,^[5] the Carolina canis familiaris was rediscovered living every bit free-roaming population by I. Lehr Brisbin Jr.,^[vi] though originally documented in American dog-related publications in the 1920s.^[7] Carolina dogs show admixture with dog breeds from east asia.

Discovery [edit]

One of the primeval publications to document the "Indian" dogs of North America was an article by Glover Morrill Allen, in 1920.^[seven] Allen postulated that these "Larger or Common Indian Dogs" were descended from Asian primitive dogs:

The probability therefore is, that the Domestic Domestic dog originated in Asia and was carried by ancient peoples both east and westward into all parts of the inhabited globe. That this migration began in late Pleistocene times seems highly likely.^[7]

Allen cites belatedly nineteenth-century studies of skeletal remains of dogs that could be found from Alaska to Florida to the Greater Antilles and westward to the Slap-up Plains, and were excavated from Indian mounds besides:

Cope (1893) was the first to describe the jaw of this dog from a specimen nerveless past Moore from a shell-mound on St. John'southward River, Florida. He was struck by the fact that the first lower premolar was missing and appeared not to accept developed. He likewise noticed strong evolution of the entoconid of the carnassial.
Moore, in the course of various explorations in Florida and Georgia discovered many remains of dogs, plainly of this blazon. In a large mound on Ossabaw Island, Georgia, he (1897) plant several interments of human and dog-skeletons, the latter always cached separately and unabridged, showing that the dogs had not been used as food. Other canis familiaris-skeletons of a similar sort were constitute by Moore (1899) in aboriginal mounds on the South Carolina coast ... Putnam considered them the same as the larger Madisonville (Ohio) dogs.^[7]

These dogs were publicized by I. Lehr Brisbin Jr., a senior research ecologist at the Academy of Georgia's Savannah River Environmental Laboratory, who first came across a Carolina dog while working at the Savannah River Site, which was depopulated and secured of all trespass and traffic for decades beginning in 1950.^{[half dozen]}

Establishment and recognition [edit]

Since 1996, Carolina dogs can be registered with the United Kennel Gild^[eight] (UKC), which has published a detailed, formal Carolina Domestic dog breed standard.^[9] UKC focuses on hunting dogs and other working dogs, and categorizes the Carolina in their "Sighthound & Pariah Group"^[a], along with other breeds such equally the Basenji of Africa and the Thai Ridgeback. A breed standard has also been issued by the American Rare Breed Association (ARBA).^[ten] ARBA includes the Carolina in their Grouping 5 along with the Canaan dog and the New Guinea singing dog.^[11]

In July 2017, the American Kennel Club (AKC, the largest canis familiaris breed registry in the United States) accustomed the Carolina Domestic dog breeding programme into its Foundation Stock Service (FSS),^[12] the first step toward official AKC breed recognition. AKC has the canis familiaris listed nether their "Hound" group.

Description [edit]

Pet Carolina domestic dog at rest in a yard

Carolina dogs are a medium-sized; height ranges from 17 to 24 inches (45–61 cm), and weight from xxx to 65 pounds (15–30 kg). The ears are characteristic and are erect, very long, and moderately slender, tapering way up to elegantly pointed tips and they tin can be individually turned to the management of any sound, providing extremely sensitive hearing.^[13] The dog ranges in build from muscular yet slender and graceful to somewhat stockier animals. The dogs legs are also graceful only strong. The hind midsection is firm and narrow. The overall build in a healthy, properly fed Carolina domestic dog is svelte to somewhat stockier, strong and athletic. Paws are relatively large. The snout and the notably elongated, flim-flam-like ears are spitz-similar. The tail is usually upturned and often has a hooked kink in it. The coat is usually brusque and smooth, characteristic of a warm-climate dog.

Colors vary, and may include ruby ginger, buff, fawn, blackness-and-tan, or piebald^[fourteen] with or without white areas on toes, chest, tail tip and muzzle. The eyes are at an oblique angle and almond shaped. The eyes vary in color, just are unremarkably dark brown or medium to dark orange. The area along the edges of the eyes is oftentimes (but not ever) a distinctive black "eyeliner" coloration which becomes more pronounced by contrast in lighter-colored dogs. The lips are oft black, even in light-colored dogs. Ofttimes, puppies have a melanistic mask that commonly fades as the adult coat comes in.^[15]

Behavior [edit]

Breeding in the wild [edit]

Female Carolina dogs accept 3 heat cycles in quick succession, which settle into seasonal reproductive cycles when at that place is an affluence of puppies. This is idea to ensure quick breeding in the wild before diseases, similar heartworm, take their toll.^[vi]

DNA evidence [edit]

Carolina dog "Hunter" that participated in Dna testing^[16]

Brisbin (1997) conjectured that some of the Carolina dog's ancestors arrived with prehistoric Americans.^[6]

In 2013, a study looked at the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)^[b] sampled from Carolina dogs. The study showed that 58% of the dogs carried universal haplotypes^[c] that could be found effectually the earth (haplotypes^[c] A16, A18, A19, and B1), five% carried haplotypes associated with Korea and Japan (A39), and 37% carried a unique haplotype (A184) that had not been recorded earlier, and that is part of the a5 mtDNA sub-haplogroup that originated in Due east Asia.^[19] In contrast, the Australian dingo and the New Guinea singing domestic dog both belong to haplotype A29^{[xx] [21] [c]} which is in the a2 sub-haplogroup,^{[22] [23]} hence there is no genetic relationship in the mtDNA. Also in 2013, some other study of several canis familiaris breeds in the Americas – among them the Carolina dog, the Peruvian Hairless Domestic dog, and the Chihuahua indicated an ancient migration from Eastern asia.^{[24] [19]}

In 2015, a study was conducted using mitochondrial (female person lineage marker), Y-chromosome (male person lineage marking), and autosomal genetic markers in four,676 purebred dogs from 161 breeds and 549 village dogs from 38 countries. The study tested for the degree of admixture with European brood dogs. The study establish no yDNA haplotypes^[c] indigenous to North American dogs outside of the Arctic. Nonetheless, the mtDNA of Carolina dogs independent between 10%–35% pre-Columbian ancestry (mtDNA haplotype A184) that clustered with East Asian dogs.^[25]

In 2018, a study compared sequences of fossil Due north American dogs with fossil Siberian dogs and modern dogs. The study indicates that dogs entered North America from Siberia iv,500 years afterward humans kickoff arrived, were isolated for 9,000 years, and became extinct later on European contact when they were replaced by Eurasian dogs; the pre-contact dogs showroom a unique genetic signature that is at present gone, with their nearest genetic relatives being the Chill dog breeds. 3 Carolina dogs in the study exhibited upwardly to 33% pre-contact / chill lineage, however the study could non rule out this being the result of admixture with modernistic Chill canis familiaris breeds.^[26]

See also [edit]

• Dogs portal
• List of dog breeds
• Canaan Dog
• Free-ranging dog
• Pariah dog
• Native American dogs
• Rare brood (dog)
• Rez domestic dog
• Yellow dog Democrat
• Nureongi

Notes [edit]

1. ^ In improver to the UKC category Sighthound & Pariah Group, see besides the separate, more general categories sighthound and pariah canis familiaris.
2. ^ Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) passes only along the maternal line, and can appointment back thousands of years. Come across Arora, et al. (2015)^[17]
3. ^ ^{a b c d} A haplotype is a group of genes constitute in an organism that is inherited from only ane of its parents, hence-for example, matrilinear mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) in all animals, and in mammals, patrilinear Y-chromosomal Deoxyribonucleic acid (yDNA).^[18]

References [edit]

1. ^ Hitt, Jack. "Dna Backs Lore on Pre-Columbian Dogs". The New York Times . Retrieved Oct 22, 2018.
2. ^ Weidensaul, Scott. "Tracking America'southward Get-go Dogs". Smithsonian . Retrieved October 22, 2018.
3. ^ ^{a b c} "Carolina Dog Dog Breed Information - American Kennel Club". American Kennel Club . Retrieved Oct 22, 2018.
4. ^ "Old Yeller". NPR.org . Retrieved Oct 22, 2018.
5. ^ Play tricks, Michael Due west. (March 19, 2018). "Natural, ethnic dogs". Animate being Wellness Mag . Retrieved November 15, 2018.
6. ^ ^{a b c d} Brisbin, I.; Risch, T. (1997). "Archaic dogs, their ecology and behavior: Unique opportunities to report the early development of the man-canine bail". Periodical of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 210 (8): 1122–1126. PMID 9108912.
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Allen, Glover Morrill (1920). "Dogs of the American Aborigines". Message of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. LXIII (nine): 137.
8. ^ "United Kennel Club". Arienne Associates. 1996. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved October xv, 2006.
9. ^ "Carolina dog breed standard". ukcdogs.com. United Kennel Society.
10. ^ "Standard of the Carolina Dog". ARBA.com. American Rare Breed Clan. Archived from the original on Oct thirteen, 2006. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
11. ^ "Group v dogs". American Rare Breed Association.
12. ^ "Carolina Dog". Dog Breeds. American Kennel Club.
13. ^ "Carolina Canis familiaris". Rare Brood Network. 1996. Archived from the original on May 2, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
14. ^ "Appearance". Carolina Canis familiaris Rescue and Conservation Project. Archived from the original on April xiv, 2013.
15. ^ Weidensaul, Scott (March i, 1999). "Tracking America's First Dogs". Smithsonian. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved October eleven, 2006.
16. ^
17. ^ Arora, Devender; Singh, Ajeet; Sharma, Vikrant; Bhaduria, Harvendra Singh; Patel, Ram Bahadur (2015). "Hgs Db: Haplogroups Database to understand migration and molecular gamble assessment". Bioinformation. eleven (6): 272–275. doi:10.6026/97320630011272. PMC4512000. PMID 26229286.
18. ^ Cox, C.B.; Moore, Peter D.; Ladle, Richard (2016). Biogeography: An ecological and evolutionary arroyo. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 106. ISBN978-ane-118-96858-1.
19. ^ ^{a b}
20. ^ Savolainen, P.; Leitner, T.; Wilton, A. Due north.; Matisoo-Smith, Due east.; Lundeberg, J. (2004). "A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (33): 12387–12390. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10112387S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0401814101. PMC514485. PMID 15299143.
21. ^
22. ^ Pang, J.-F.; Kluetsch, C.; Zou, X.-J.; Zhang, A.-B.; Luo, L.-Y.; Angleby, H.; Ardalan, A.; Ekstrom, C.; Skollermo, A.; Lundeberg, J.; Matsumura, South.; Leitner, T.; Zhang, Y.-P.; Savolainen, P. (2009). "MtDNA data indicate a unmarried origin for dogs southward of Yangtze River, less than xvi,300 years ago, from numerous wolves". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (12): 2849–64. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp195. PMC2775109. PMID 19723671.
23. ^ Duleba, Anna; Skonieczna, Katarzyna; Bogdanowicz, Wiesław; Malyarchuk, Boris; Grzybowski, Tomasz (2015). "Complete mitochondrial genome database and standardized classification organisation for Canis lupus familiaris". Forensic Scientific discipline International: Genetics. 19: 123–129. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.06.014. PMID 26218982.
24. ^ Hitt, Jack (July fifteen, 2013). "D.N.A. backs lore on pre-Columbian dogs". New York Times . Retrieved July 15, 2013.
25. ^ Shannon, Laura One thousand.; Boyko, Ryan H.; Castelhano, Marta; Corey, Elizabeth; Hayward, Jessica J.; McLean, Corin; et al. (2015). "Genetic structure in hamlet dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (44): 13639–13644. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11213639S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1516215112. PMC4640804. PMID 26483491.
26. ^ Ní Leathlobhair, Máire; Perri, Angela R.; Irving-Pease, Evan K.; Witt, Kelsey E.; Linderholm, Anna; Haile, James; et al. (2018). "The evolutionary history of dogs in the Americas". Science. 361 (6397): 81–85. Bibcode:2018Sci...361...81N. doi:10.1126/science.aao4776. PMC7116273. PMID 29976825.

External links [edit]

• Official United Kennel Club site, Breed information on Carolina dog

swantonharrinat.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolina_Dog

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